ABSTRACT
Indonesia is a tropical area with high rainfall, the area on land is connected by around 472 large and small rivers that flow into the sea. The estuary area is the meeting area of ??rivers or fresh water streams with the ocean. Transportation of organic matter, minerals and sediments from upstream to the estuary and from the sea containing minerals, hence estuarine waters are more fertile than other areas. In addition, estuary areas are important habitats for several types of marine and freshwater organisms to fulfill their life cycles, which are used as spawning, foraging, and nursery grounds. This study aimed to determine the total organic contents, total Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in the estuary waters of Maros as a source of brackish water for fish pond aquaculture in Maros Regency. The research was conducted in the estuary waters of Maros for three months from September to November 2020. Sampling was conducted four times with an interval of once every 15 days. Sampling was carried out at five stations based on water movements to the estuary, station A was located at the seawater, station B was located in the pond wastewater locations, station C was water sources from residential waste, station D was located in the river, and station E was the estuarine water. The results showed that the dominant water quality parameters affecting estuarine water quality were salinity, total organic matter, nitrogen content, either in the form of ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite, and phosphorus content, especially phosphate. Water entering the estuary has an impact on high concentrations of total organic matter, increased concentrations of Total N, and phosphorus. The results of water quality analysis in estuaries showed that salinity, organic matter, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, and phosphate exceed the standard threshold for water quality standards for fish pond aquaculture. Thus, the waters of the Maros estuary are not suitable for aquaculture, especially for the 5 observed stations (A, B, C, D and E).
ABSTRACT
Abstract New morphological, morphometric and scanning electron microscopy data of a nematode of the family Anisakidae, recovered from a specimen of Kogia sima, a cetacean that died off the northern coast of Brazil, are presented in this paper. Morphological features such as the violin-shaped ventricle and short and equal spicules, as well as the distribution of post-cloacal papillae and specificity for the definitive host (Kogiidae cetaceans) demonstrate similarity to Skrjabinisakis paggiae. This research records Kogia sima and S. paggiae on the estuarine coast of Pará, northern Brazil.
Resumo São apresentados, neste trabalho, novos dados morfológicos, morfométricos e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de um nematoide da família Anisakidae, recuperado de Kogia sima, um cetáceo que veio a óbito na costa norte do Brasil. Características morfológicas, como o ventrículo em forma de violino, espículos curtos e iguais, além da distribuição de papilas pós-cloacais e especificidade pelo hospedeiro definitivo (cetáceos Kogiidae) demonstram similaridade a Skrjabinisakis paggiae. Esta pesquisa registra Kogia sima e S. paggiae na costa estuarina paraense, norte do Brasil.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Mytilopsis leucophaeata is an estuarine bivalve native from the Gulf of Mexico and Southeast USA, and it was introduced in Europe, Asia, Caribbean, South America and Northeast USA, showing massive colonization skills. In Brazil, the single invasion records of M. leucophaeata occur in the city of Rio de Janeiro, i.e., in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon and in the Marapendi Lagoon. We conducted a new series of fieldworks in estuaries from the Rio de Janeiro state in order to evaluate the propagation of this invasive bivalve, aiming sites with proper salinities for the establishment of M. leucophaeata. A new record is given for the Maricá-Guarapina lagoon system, where M. leucophaeata mainly colonizes hard substrata (such as piers and rocks), reaching a mean density up to 43,375 specimens/m2; however, aggregates of M. leucophaeata were also observed in the soft substratum. Based on mitochondrial sequences, the taxonomic identification of the invasive bivalve was confirmed. The associated fauna to the agglomerates of M. leucophaeata in the lagoon system comprises amphipods, barnacles, tanaidaceans, isopods, crabs, polychaetes and snails. The expansion of M. leucophaeata requires a continuous investigation due to the great circulation of boats in the littoral of the Rio de Janeiro state and the increased chance of new introductions.
Resumo Mytilopsis leucophaeata é um bivalve estuarino originário do Golfo do México e Sudeste dos EUA, tendo sido introduzido na Europa, Ásia, Caribe, América do Sul e Nordeste dos EUA, e apresentando massiva capacidade de colonização. No Brasil, os únicos registros de invasão de M. leucophaeata ocorrem no município do Rio de Janeiro, i.e., na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas e na Lagoa de Marapendi. Este estudo propõe um novo levantamento de campo em estuários fluminenses para avaliar a propagação desse bivalve invasor, visando locais com salinidade propícia para o estabelecimento de M. leucophaeata. Um novo registro é feito para o complexo lagunar Maricá-Guarapina, onde M. leucophaeata coloniza principalmente substratos duros (como píers e rochas), chegando a uma densidade média de 43.375 indíviduos/m2; porém, agregados de M. leucophaeata também foram observados em substrato inconsolidado. Com base em sequências mitocondriais, a identificação taxonômica do bivalve invasor foi confirmada. A fauna associada aos aglomerados de M. leucophaeata no complexo lagunar compreende anfípodes, cracas, tanaidáceos, isópodes, caranguejos, poliquetas e gastrópodes. A expansão de M. leucophaeata demanda uma investigação contínua devido ao alto fluxo de embarcações no litoral fluminense e elevada probabilidade de novas introduções.
ABSTRACT
Resumo A crescente poluigao de ambientes marinhos e estuarinos por descarga de efluentes é um problema mundial. Os ensaios ecotoxicológicos vem sendo amplamente utilizados para monitorar os efeitos deste tipo de poluigao e, atualmente sao incorporados na legislagao ambiental de diversos países, nomeadamente no Brasil. Contudo, sao poucos os estudos realizados em áreas costeiras e a padronizagao de métodos com organismos nativos, representativos de ecossistemas locais, é insuficiente. Nitocra sp. tem sido eficientemente utilizado em ensaios ecotoxicológicos com sedimentos e águas intersticiais, sendo neces-sário avaliar a sua adequagao na análise de águas superficiais estuarinas. Amostras pontuais de agua do baixo estuário Jundiaí -Potengi (EJP) foram coletadas mensalmente durante 18 meses, em áreas com (CE) e sem (SE) recegao de efluentes tratados. Nitocra sp. e Mysidopsis juniae (espécie padronizada) foram os organismos teste utilizados nos ensaios ecotoxicológicos. Efeitos letais (taxa de mortalidade) e subletais (taxa de reprodugao) foram analisados considerando a caracterizagao microbiológica e físico-química das amostras testadas. Os teores de oxigenio dissolvido, salinidade, demanda bioquímica de oxigenio, nitrogenio amoniacal e amoniacal total, nitrogenio total, óleos e graxas, sólidos suspensos e sedimentáveis, potássio total e coliformes termotolerantes determinados nas amostras CE e SE, traduzem diferentes níveis de poluigao nos locais amostrados. As cartas-controle de Nitocra sp. e M. juniae indicaram boa reprodutibilidade laboratorial, e apesar dos organismos teste terem exibido diferentes perfis ecotoxicológicos, o aumento da taxa de mortalidade de ambos esteve associada a emissao de esgoto tratado. O uso de diferentes organismos teste favorece a representatividade dos ensaios ecotoxicológicos. Considerando o perfil de Nitocra sp. no monitoramento do EJP, o seu estabelecimento como organismo-teste padronizado necessita de mais estudos, incluindo a utilizagao de nauplii em bioensaios.
Abstract Increasing pollution of marine and estuarine environments from wastewater discharge is a worldwide problem. Eco-toxicological tests are widely used to monitor the effects of this type of pollution and are currently being incorporated into the environmental legislation of several countries, including Brazil. However, few studies have been conducted in coastal areas, and standardization of methods with native organisms representative of local ecosystems is insufficient. Nitocra sp. has been efficiently used in ecotoxicological tests with sediments and interstitial waters, and its suitability for estuarine surface water analysis needs to be assessed. Point samples from the lower Jundiaí-Potengi estuary (JPE) in areas with (CE) and without (SE) discharge of treated effluents were collected monthly for 18 months. Nitocra sp. and Mysidopsis juniae (standardized species) were the test organisms used in the ecotoxicological assays. The lethal (mortality rate) and sublethal (reproduction rate) effects were analyzed considering the microbiological and physicochemical characterization of the tested samples. Dissolved oxygen, salinity, biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal and total ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen, oils and greases, suspended and settleable solids, total potas-sium and thermotolerant coliform bacteria determined in samples from CE and SE, reflect varying levels of pollution at the sampled sites. The control charts of Nitoera sp. and M. juniae indicated good reproducibility in the laboratory, and although the test organisms had different ecotoxicological profiles, the mortality rate of both organisms was related to the discharge of treated wastewater. The use of different test organisms increases the representativeness of the ecotoxicological tests. Given the profile of Nitoera sp. in JPE monitoring, further studies, including the use of nauplii in bioassays, are needed to establish it as standardized test organism.
ABSTRACT
The reproduction of Neochelon falcipinnis was studied in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Niamone-Kalounayes located in the Casamance estuary (Senegal) from July 2021 to June 2022. The results of this study are presented after twelve (12) months of experimental seine fishing. Reproductive parameters such as length-weight relationship, condition factor (K), sex ratio (SR), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and size at first maturity (Lm50) were determined. A total of 386 individuals (150 males, 221 females and 15 of undetermined sex) were sampled. The sex ratio was in favour of females (0.68 or 1:1.47). The length-weight relationship showed a minor allometric growth with allometric coefficient b values of 2.70 for both sexes combined, 2.60 for males and 2.79 for females. The ANOVA test showed no significant difference in condition factor in males (P > 0.05). In contrast, in females, there was a significant difference at the beginning of the cold season (P < 0.05). The monthly change in gonadosomatic index associated with the different stages of sexual maturity indicated a breeding period in the dry season (May, June and July). Peaks of sexual maturity are observed in June for both sexes. Sizes at first sexual maturity were 18 cm for males and 19 cm for females. These results, obtained provide information on the reproduction of Neochelon falcipinnis that can help in decision-making for better management of the resource.
ABSTRACT
Hypersaline estuaries are commonly found in the Semiarid Northeast Brazilian coast. However, the utilization of these estuaries by early life stages of fishes is less well documented. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on the ichthyoplankton, and to describe their spatial and temporal variation in two estuaries (Tubarão and Casqueira). The sampling were diurnally in four excursions carried out during two dry-season months (November and December 2017) and two rainy-season months (May and July 2018). A total of 423 larvae representing 30 species (14 families) and 2,762 eggs (five families) were collected. Although the community structures were similar in both estuaries, there was strong seasonal variation, with higher abundances observed during the dry season. Low rainfall was the primary environmental driver affecting ichthyoplankton in both estuaries. Other environmental factors, such as depth, water temperature, and channel width, were also predictor variables for the distribution of eggs and larvae. The ichthyoplankton was dominated by marine estuarine-dependent species in both estuaries, accounting for 76% of individuals. The presence of the early life stages of typically marine species suggests that hypersaline environments provide important nursery areas and play an essential role for some coastal fish species.(AU)
Os estuários hipersalinos são comumente encontrados na região semiárida da costa nordestina brasileira. No entanto, a utilização desses estuários pelos primeiros estágios de vida dos peixes é pouco documentada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de fatores ambientais sobre o ictioplâncton e descrever sua variação espacial e temporal em dois estuários (Tubarão e Casqueira). As amostragens foram diurnas em quatro excursões realizadas em dois meses da estação seca (novembro e dezembro de 2017) e dois meses da estação chuvosa (maio e julho de 2018). Um total de 423 larvas representando 30 espécies (14 famílias) e 2.762 ovos (cinco famílias) foram coletadas. Embora as estruturas das comunidades fossem semelhantes em ambos os estuários, houve fortes diferenças de variação sazonal, com maiores abundâncias observadas durante a estação seca. A baixa precipitação foi o principal fator ambiental que afetou o ictioplâncton em ambos os estuários. Outros fatores, como profundidade, temperatura da água e largura do canal, também foram preditoras para a distribuição de ovos e larvas. O ictioplâncton foi dominado por espécies marinhas dependentes em ambos os estuários, representando 76% dos indivíduos. A presença de estágios iniciais de espécies tipicamente marinhas sugere que ambientes hipersalinos fornecem áreas de berçário importantes e desempenham um papel essencial para algumas espécies de peixes costeiros.(AU)
Subject(s)
Zooplankton , Biological Factors , Estuaries , SalinityABSTRACT
RESUMEN La Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) es un importante ecosistema para la biodiversidad del planeta. Las actividades antrópicas generan residuos e incrementan los niveles de contaminantes, afectando la calidad del agua, la salud de la población y del ambiente. Con el objetivo de determinar el contenido de metales pesados y calidad del agua de la CGSM, se analizaron muestras de agua, en nueve sitios para las variables temperatura, sólidos disueltos totales (STD), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), salinidad, NO3 -, NH4 + , PO4 3-, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, SO4 2-, CO3 2-, HCO3 -, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Coliformes totales y termotolerantes. La concentración de Pb, Cd, Cr y Ni fue más baja que el valor de referencia para agua marina. La máxima concentración de Pb y Cd, se presentó en el sitio 6, con 17,76 y 0,48ppb, respectivamente. La salinidad correlacionó con Ni (r = 0,98), pH con contenidos de Ni y Cr (r = 0,99 y 0,43, respectivamente), OD se asoció con concentración de Cd y Pb (r = 0,72 y 0,67, respectivamente), STD se encuentra asociado con NI y Cr (r = 0,97 y 0,56, respectivamente), DBO con concentración de Cd (r = 0,79). La concentración de metales pesados encontrados constituye una alerta para el ecosistema, debido a la posible biodisponibilidad ante algunas condiciones ambientales y, a la vez, son reflejo de afectación de variables de calidad del agua del estuario, con transporte de materia orgánica, sedimentos y aportes de nutrientes. Los valores elevados de CT y CF afectan la salud del ecosistema.
ABSTRACT The Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) is an important ecosystem for the planet's biodiversity. Anthropic activities increase levels of pollutants and affect the water quality, the inhabitants' health and the environment. In order to determine the CGSM heavy metal content and water quality, samples were collected from nine sites. Temperature, total dissolved solids, hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity, salinity, NH4 +, PO4 3-, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, SO4 2-, N-NO3 -, CO3 2-, HCO3 -, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms were determined. The Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations, did not exceed the reference value for seawater. The maximum concentration of Pb and Cd were observed in point 6 with 17.76 ppb and 0.48 ppb, respectively. Salinity correlated with Ni (0.98), pH with Ni and Cr contents (r = 0.99 and 0.43, respectively), OD was associated with Cd and Pb concentration (r = 0.72 and 0.67, respectively), TDS is associated with NI and Cr (r = 0.97 and 0.56, respectively), BOD with Cd concentration (r = 0.79). The heavy metals concentrations found, undoubtedly constitute an alert for the ecosystem due to the possible bioaccumulation in some environmental conditions and, it is reflection of the impact on parameters of water quality in the estuary, with the transport of organic matter, sediments, and nutrients inputs. High CT and CF values, affect ecosystem health.
ABSTRACT
HIGHLIGHTS Crassostrea oysters larvae patterns in estuarine environments. Larvae distribution patterns in Guaratuba Bay (Paraná State - Brazil).
Abstract Crassostrea oysters present planktonic/planktotrophic larval development. Thus, it is essential knowing larvae distribution patterns in estuarine environments presenting oyster farms and spat collection. The aim of the current research is to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of oyster larvae in Guaratuba Bay (Paraná State - Brazil) based on monthly samplings conducted with a plankton net (50 cm diameter and 225 µm mesh size) from June 2003 to June 2004 in three different points (Point I - bay´s entrance; Point II - cultivation park; Point III - median sector of the bay). Plankton samples were preserved in 4% buffered formaldehyde. They were concentrated and quantified in the laboratory. The total number of larvae in the sample from each net was counted and corrected to a standard larvae/m3 collection tow. Data about sea water temperature, salinity, transparency and pluviosity were also collected. Based on results about the spatial distribution of larvae, mean density was 33.30 ±42.73 larvae/m³ in Point I; 17.84 ±16.88 larvae/m³ in Point II and 55.53 ±78.31 larvae/m³ in Point III, during the studied period. Spring and Summer were the seasons recording the most expressive mean number of larvae; the largest concentration of them was found in Point III, in the middle section of the bay.
Subject(s)
Ostreidae , Plankton , Crassostrea , BrazilABSTRACT
Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o impacto ambiental em áreas estuarinas da Baía de São Marcos, Maranhão, utilizando-se alterações histológicas nas brânquias e no fígado de Sciades herzbergii como biomarcadores de contaminação aquática. Foram realizadas coletas no período chuvoso (março de 2018) e de estiagem (julho de 2018), em que foram capturados 40 exemplares de S. herzbergii em duas regiões distintas da Baía de São Marcos: A1) Ilha dos Caranguejos (área referência); A2) Terminal de Pesca Industrial de Porto Grande (área potencialmente contaminada). As estações foram georreferenciadas por GPS e, em cada local de captura dos peixes, registraram-se as seguintes variáveis abióticas: temperatura, salinidade, pH e oxigênio dissolvido. Em campo, os organismos foram pesados e medidos, as brânquias e os fígados foram retirados e fixados. Posteriormente, foram mantidos em álcool a 70% até o procedimento histológico padrão. Resultados indicam que as duas áreas são semelhantes em termos de características físico-químicas da água e do sedimento. Todavia, a análise semiquantitativa das alterações histológicas observadas revelou que as brânquias foram o órgão mais afetado nos peixes de A2, indicando que os peixes desse local apresentam danos teciduais maiores resultantes de estresse acentuado por impactos antrópicos.(AU)
This study aimed to evaluate the environmental impact in estuarine areas of São Marcos Bay, Maranhão, using histological changes in the gills and liver of Sciades herzbergii as biomarkers of aquatic contamination. Samples were collected during the rainy (March 2018) and dry (July 2018) seasons, in which 40 specimens of S. herzbergii were captured in two distinct regions of São Marcos Bay: A1) Crab Island (reference area); A2) Porto Grande Industrial Fishing Terminal (potentially contaminated area). The stations were georeferenced by GPS and at each fish capture site the following abiotic variables were recorded: temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen. In the field, the organisms were weighed and measured and the gills and livers removed and fixed. Afterwards, they were kept in 70% alcohol until the standard histological procedure. Results indicate that the two areas are similar in terms of physicochemical characteristics of water and sediment. However, the semi-quantitative analysis of the observed histological alterations revealed that the gills were the most affected organ in A2 fish, indicating that the fish in this site have greater tissue damage resulting from stress accentuated by anthropic impacts.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Catfishes/anatomy & histology , Biomarkers/analysis , Estuary Pollution/analysis , Gills/anatomy & histology , Liver/anatomy & histology , Brazil , EnvironmentABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el estado actual de Melongena melongena en la bahía de Cispatá, Caribe Colombiano a través de los aspectos poblacionales de la especie. Materiales y métodos. Se establecieron tres sectores de muestreo, conforme con la zonificación de los manglares en la bahía. Para la recolección del material biológico se ubicó un transecto lineal de 4 x 20 m perpendicular al área del manglar con dos replicas a una distancia de 50 m. Para la determinación del sexo, se tomó una submuestra de 10 individuos con tallas superiores a la estimada para la madurez sexual de la especie. A las conchas se les midió la longitud total, con el fin de diferenciar las tallas de hembras y machos. En cada sector, la temperatura del agua y salinidad fueron registradas in situ, empleando un medidor multiparámetro Extech EC170, mientras la trasparencia del agua se calculó mediante el disco Secchi. Resultados. Se registraron un total de 1.149 individuos de M. melongena, obteniendo la mayor abundancia el sector Caño Salado (522), seguido de Las Cagás (458) y finalmente Amaya (169). El 63% de los individuos se encontraron en un intervalo de talla entre 41-61 mm. La proporción sexual fue 1:1.2 (H:M). Las tallas registradas en hembras fueron de 55 a 92 mm y en machos de 54 a 77 mm. Conclusiones. M. melongena en la bahía de Cispatá está presentando signos evidentes de recuperación en la última década, debido a que la mayoría de los individuos registrados han alcanzado la talla media de madurez sexual.
ABSTRACT Objective. Evaluate the current status of Melongena melongena in Cispata Bay, Colombian Caribbean through the population aspects of the species. Materials and methods. Three sampling sectors were established, according to the zoning of the mangrove in the bay. For the collection of the biological material a linear transect of 4 x 20 m was located perpendicular to the area of the mangrove with two replicas at a distance of 50 m. For the determination of sex, a subsample of 10 individuals with sizes greater than that estimated for the sexual maturity of the species was taken. The shells were measured in total length, in order to differentiate the sizes of females and males. In each sector, the water temperature and salinity were measured in situ using an Extech EC170 multiparameter while water transparency is calculated using the Secchi disk. Results. A total of 1,149 individuals of M. melongena were recorded, obtaining the highest abundance in the Caño Salado sector (522), followed by Las Cagás (458) and finally Amaya (169). 63% of the individuals were in a size range between 41-61 mm. The sex ratio was 1:1.2 (H:M). The sizes recorded in females were from 55 to 92 mm and in males from 54 to 77 mm. Conclusions. M. melongena in Cispatá Bay is showing evident signs of recovery in the last decade, because most of the registered individuals have reached the average size of sexual maturity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Snails , Wetlands , Mollusca , EstuariesABSTRACT
Aim: The present study was aimed to analyze the ecological significance of Ulhas River estuary of the western coast of India using the taxonomic, functional and conservation aspects, and also to record an updated data base on the estuarine community structure.Methodology: Ichthyo faunal diversity was assessed by experimental fishing conducted at 3 selected stations using single day dolnets of code end mesh size of 10mm, from September 2017 to August 2018. The diversity of fish species was recorded considering the most relevant taxonomic classification data and further supplemented by the information pertaining to ecological roles played by the individual species (using guild approach) and the IUCN- conservation status. Results: There were 105 species, belonging to 4 classes, 19 orders, 44 families and 75 genera, recorded from Ulhas River Estuary. The class: Actinopterygii was the most diverse taxa, (including 12 orders, 32 families and 55 genera) among the total ichthyofauna reported. Order Perciformes was the most representative order of the class (40 species, 31 genera and 17 families), followed by Decapoda (21species, 8 genera and 6 families). Based on the estuarine usefunctional guild categorization, 51.42 % of the species were marine migrants, followed by amphidromous species (21.9%). Zoobenthivores (29.41%) was found to be the most dominant feeding guild followed by omnivores (19.6%). Based on the IUCN Red List, 53.33% of the fish species observed from Ulhas River Estuary were categorized as “Not Evaluated”, and 7% were “Data Deficient”, signifying the lack of information on biological aspects of the species along Indian waters. Tenualosa toli marked its presence under threatened category (Vulnerable) from Ulhas River Estuary. Interpretation: The abundance of marine migrants as well as the amphidromous species in the estuary signifies the use of this ecosystem for the nursery function of commercially important marine fisheries resources. Increased proportion of “Not Evaluated” and “Data Deficient” categories in the context of high level of anthropogenic stress demands for more updated documentation of the biodiversity and periodic changes in its ecological structure for formulating and implementing effective ecosystem-based management programs for such sensitive estuarine ecosystems.
ABSTRACT
Alcohol-tolerant microbes are the prime requirement for industrial-scale production of biofuels and beverages.Tolerance is a complex phenomenon that is achieved by mutational changes at several points in the genome.Since a network of genes and pathways are involved in adapting to ethanol tolerance, it is, therefore, morepreferable to obtain ethanol tolerance phenotype by adaptive evolution. Adaptive evolution ensures genotypicchanges which result in the evolution of a phenotypically tolerant strain. In the present work, Lysinibacillussp. isolated from the estuarine area was subjected to adaptive evolution under ethanol stress that resulted in anincrease in ethanol tolerance from 1.6% to 6.4%.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Wilson's Plover, Charadrius wilsonia, is widely distributed in coastal areas of the Americas. This report presents the first record of breeding in this species on Coroa do Avião Island, on the coast of Pernambuco, and in the estuary of the Cardoso and Camurupim rivers, on the coast of Piauí, in northeastern Brazil, extending the known area of reproduction of this species in this region. One breeding pair was observed on October 29th 2014 on Coroa do Avião Island, and a second pair was recorded on April 6th 2016 in the Cardoso/Camurupim estuary on the Piauí coast. Both the male and the female contributed to the incubation of the eggs. The nest on Coroa do Avião island was camouflaged by the local vegetation, but despite this, the eggs were attacked by a predator. Possible predators observed on the island included Caracara plancus and domestic cats and dogs.
Resumo Charadrius wilsonia (Wilson's Plover) está amplamente distribuído pela costa das Américas. Este é o primeiro registro de reprodução no litoral de Pernambuco, Coroa do Avião, e no estuário dos rios Cardoso e Camurupim, litoral do Piauí, Brasil, ampliando a área de reprodução no Nordeste do Brasil. Foi encontrado um casal em período reprodutivo em 23 de outubro de 2014 na ilha Coroa do Avião, litoral de Pernambuco e outro registro em 06 de abril de 2016 nos estuários Cardoso e Camurupim, litoral do Piauí. Foi observado que o macho e a fêmea contribuem na incubação dos ovos. A vegetação na ilha contribui para a camuflagem do ninho, bem como na proteção dos ovos pelos predadores. Apesar da proteção ocorreu a predação do ninho na ilha Coroa do Avião. Alguns possíveis predadores foram registrados na ilha, como Caracara plancus que diariamente frequentam a área e animais domésticos como cães e gatos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cats , Dogs , Breeding , Charadriiformes , Reproduction , BrazilABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de amostras da água e do tecido de Mytella guyanensis (Mollusca: Bivalva) espécie de relevante interesse comercial e que faz parte direta da renda e alimentação das comunidades tradicionais em regiões litorâneas. Este estudo foi realizado em duas comunidades do Estuário de Cananeia conhecidos como Retiro e Itanhoapina. Durante o período de 2017, onde a espécie é coletada para consumo humano, as amostras de água e do bivalve foram coletadas nas localidades a fim de determinar as concentrações de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. As Amostras de água e de M. guyanensis foram analisadas para determinar o Número Mais Provável de Coliformes (NMP), baseado na Técnica de Tubo Múltiplo. Os resultados das analises, demonstraram baixas concentrações de coliformes nas amostras de água, tendo ocorrido resultado semelhante para as amostras de tecidos dos indivíduos coletados. A análise da água apresentou média geométrica de 34,81 coliformes totais e 20,70 MPN 100 mL-1 de coliformes termotolerantes. As médias de coliformes nos tecidos moles de M. guyanensis foram de 190 MPN g-1 para coliformes totais e 174 MPN g-1 para coliformes termotolerantes. As concentrações de coliformes no tecido dos espécimes coletados, apresentaram correlação positiva com a temperatura e negativa com a salinidade. Houve diferenças significativas entre a sazonalidade em relação à concentração de coliformes totais e termotolerantes no tecido. O verão período de chuvas, apresentou a maior média sazonal de coliformes em M. guyanensis. Todas os valores obtidos para NMP de coliformes estiveram abaixo do limite estabelecido pela legislação.
This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of water and tissue samples of Mytella guyanensis (Mollusk: Bivalve), a species of relevant commercial interest and is a direct part of the income and food of traditional communities in coastal regions. This study was carried out in two communities in the Cananeia Estuary known as Retiro and Itanhoapina. During the period of 2017, where the species is collected for human consumption, water and bivalve samples were collected in the localities in order to determine the concentrations of total and thermotolerant coliforms. The samples of water and M. guyanensis were analyzed to determine the Most Probable Number (MPN) of Coliforms, based on the Multiple Tube Technique. The results of the analyses showed low concentrations of coliforms in the water samples, with a similar result for the tissue samples of the individuals collected. The water analysis showed a geometric mean of 34.81 total coliforms and 20.70 MPN 100 mL-1 of thermotolerant coliforms. The averages of coliforms in the soft tissues of M. guyanensis were 190 MPN g -1 for total coliforms and 174 MPN g -1 for thermotolerant coliforms. The concentrations of coliforms in the tissue of the collected specimens showed a positive correlation with temperature and a negative correlation with salinity. There were significant differences between seasonality in relation to the concentration of total and thermotolerant coliforms in the tissue. The summer rainy season showed the highest seasonal average of coliforms in M. guyanensis. All values obtained for MPN of coliforms were below the limit established by the legislation.
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The present study describes the length/weight ratio (LWR) of 20 fish species caught in an intertidal area of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, southern Brazil. Fish were caught with three beach seine nets, with 2m high, 70m long and distance between knots of 2.5; 4 and 5cm. A total of 880 individuals of 21 species belonging to 11 families were captured, ranging from 5 to 75.5cm in total length. All species analyzed are widely distributed throughout the Southwestern Atlantic. Positive allometric growth (b > 3) was predominant, occurring in 60% species, 35% presented negative allometry (b < 3) and only 5% had isometric growth (b = 3). Many factors could be influencing the distinct growth patterns observed between the literature and the present study, such as the environmental influences, the reduced number of specimens, the sampling methods, the sampling periods and the estimation of the LWR with grouped sexes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Fishes/growth & development , Body Weight , Sampling StudiesABSTRACT
This study reports the length‐weight relationships (LWRs) for 8 fish species that inhabit mangroves. Many fisheries depend on mangroves, which serve as nursery and feeding areas for the juvenile stage of fishes, shrimp, and other fishery resources. In this sense, mangroves provide many ecosystem services, therefore increasing the basic biological knowledge of these ecosystems can help to understand their functioning and create conservation strategies. The majority of LWR studies do not consider juveniles, and it is important to consider these differences as juveniles can grow differently from adults. The fishes were collected from Perequê mangrove, Paraná, Brazil between 2008 and 2010. A variety of fishery gears were employed, including trammel nets, fyke nets, and traps made with plastic bottles combined with four baits. The specimens were measured (weight and length), sexed and evaluated for maturational stage. For the adults, the LWRs were calculated separately by the sex, while juvenile LWRs were estimated together. In general, there were differences in growth type between sexes and life stages. Some species showed differences compared to FishBase estimations, but this could be due to the lengths (and life stage) of the individuals used in the present study compared to FishBase. The discrepancies between adult, juvenile and FishBase estimations showed the importance of considering these aspects in studies using LWR.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Body WeightABSTRACT
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a potentially pathogenic bacterium that occurs naturally in estuarine environments worldwide. This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in estuarine environments and determine the virulence profile in an aquaculture environment by molecular techniques and conventional microbiological methods. Sampling was conducted in four estuaries in the State of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe), Brazil, between January and April 2009. The analysis included 64 samples of water (n=32) and sediment (n=32) collected from the estuaries. The samples yielded 64 isolates suspected to be V. parahaemolyticus. The isolates were submitted to biochemical identification using a dichotomous key and PCR for the detection of the species-specific tlh gene. Virulence was assessed by testing for urea hydrolysis and ß-hemolysis in erythrocytes (Kanagawa phenomenon) and simultaneous detection of the tdh and trh genes. All but one of the isolates (63/64) were confirmed to be V. parahaemolyticus by genotypic detection of tlh gene. The tdhand trh genes were detected in 57 and 19 isolates, respectively. The Kanagawa test was positive for 51 isolates. Only one isolate was positive for urease. The incidence of tdh/trh-positivity was very high in isolates recovered from the environment. The present study demonstrates the need to increase knowledge of the ecology and pathogeny of V. parahaemolyticus
Subject(s)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus , VirulenceABSTRACT
Introduction: Information on the number of flatfish species and their depth distributions is scarce for the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Historical data is important to evaluate changes in ecosystems due to local, regional and global stressors. Objective: To provide information on the presence, depth distributions and lengths of flatfish species collected by trawl nets. Methods: Fish studies were conducted by trawling at four sites along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica by the survey vessels Skimmer (1979-1980), Nishin Maru (1987-1988) and Victor Hensen (1993-1994). The published lists of species were consulted, museum specimens were accessed, and an updated list of flatfish species assembled. Results: A total of 36 species were found over a depth range of 8-359 m. The family Paralichthyidae included 13 species followed by the Cynoglossidae with 12 species, Achiridae with six and Bothidae with five. Thirty-five species were collected at depths from 10-235 m in the Gulf of Nicoya and Golfo Dulce. Monolene asadeae was collected offshore at a depth range of 254-359 m. The Gulf of Nicoya estuary yielded 27 species during the Skimmer expedition over a depth range of 8-60 m, while 31 species were found during the V. Hensen survey at depths from 10-228 m. The V. Hensen survey in Golfo Dulce (20-235 m) collected 19 species, and 17 species in Coronado Bay (21-187 m). Off the Nicoya Peninsula (56-359 m) 13 species were collected by the Nishin Maru shrimp trawler. A total of 21 species (58 %) were found at depths greater than 100 m which were probably exposed to low oxygen concentrations. During the V. Hensen survey Symphurus chabanaudi and S. elongatus were collected more frequently in the Gulf of Nicoya, while S. leei was collected more frequently in Golfo Dulce. Cluster analyses based on presence-absence data for the Gulf of Nicoya and Golfo Dulce revealed low station similarity indicating possible habitat partitioning among species. The size (Total length) of 33 species measured from both the Gulf of Nicoya and Golfo Dulce ranged from 8 cm (Syacium cf longidorsale, Trinectes xanthurus) to 50 cm (S. ovale). Only 12 species were found with lengths over 20 cm. Data on flatfish landings by the semi-industrial fishing fleet for the period 2000-2016 indicates that this group represents less than 1 % of the total landings (shrimp and bycatch), with a minimum of 365 kg in 2001 and a maximum of 13 414 kg in 2013. Conclusions: The number of flatfish species of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica appears relatively high but comparable to the numbers found in other tropical regions. A reduced fishing impact on the populations together with this updated list of flatfish provide a good baseline for a new survey of fish populations. Both are important for a future updating of the trophic models available the Gulf of Nicoya and Golfo and their use as tools for better management of the ecosystems.
Introducción: Es escasa la información sobre el número de especies y la distribución batimétrica de los lenguados del Pacífico Este Tropical. Esos datos son importantes para evaluar cambios en los ecosistemas debidos a tensores locales, regionales y globales. Objetivo: Proveer información de la presencia, distribución batimétrica y longitudes de especies de lenguados recolectados por red de arrastre. Métodos: Evaluaciones de los peces mediante redes de arrastre fueron conducidas en cuatro sitios a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico de Costa Rica por los buques de investigación Skimmer (1979-1980), Nishin Maru (1987-1988) y Victor Hensen (1993-1994).Se consultó las listas publicadas de especies, se revisó ejemplares depositados en el museo y se integró una lista actualizada de especies de lenguados. Resultados: Un total de 36 especies de lenguados fueron encontrados en un ámbito de profundidad de 8 a 359 m. La familia Paralichthyidae incluyó 13 especies seguida por los Cynoglossidae con 12 especies, Achiridae tuvo seis y Bothidae cinco especies. Treinta y cinco especies fueron recolectadas entre 10 y 235 m en el Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce. Monolene asadeae fue recolectada aguas afuera en un ámbito de profundidad de 254-359 m. El Golfo de Nicoya produjo 27 especies durante la expedición del Skimmer y en un ámbito de profundidad de 8 a 60 m, mientras que 31 especies fueron encontradas durante el muestreo del V. Hensen en profundidades entre los 10 y 228 m. El muestreo del V. Hensen en el Golfo Dulce (20 a 235 m) produjo 19 especies y 17 en Bahía de Coronado (21-187 m). Afuera de la península de Nicoya (56-359 m) 13 especies fueron recolectadas por el camaronero Nishin Maru. Un total de 21 especies (58 %) fueron encontradas a profundidades mayores de 100 m y posiblemente expuestas a las bajas concentraciones de oxígeno. Durante el muestreo del V. Hensen, Symphurus chabanaudi y S. elongatus fueron capturados más frecuentemente en el Golfo de Nicoya, mientras S. leei lo fue en Golfo Dulce. El tamaño (Longitud Total) de 33 especies medidas en ambos Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce oscilaron entre 8 cm (Syacium cf longidorsale, Trinectes xanthurus) y 50 cm (S. ovale). Solo 12 especies fueron encontradas con longitudes mayores de 20 cm. Datos de desembarcos de lenguados por la flota semi-industrial para el periodo 2000-2016 indican que este grupo representa menos del 1 % de los desembarcos totales (camarones y fauna acompañante), con un mínimo de 365 kg en 2001 y un máximo de 13 414 kg en 2013. Conclusiones: Los análisis de conglomerados basados en datos de presencia-ausencia para el Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce revelaron baja similitud de estaciones indicando partición del hábitat entre las especies. La diversidad de la fauna de lenguados de la costa del Pacífico de Costa Rica aparece relativamente alta pero comparable con la encontrada en otras regiones tropicales. El número de buques arrastreros ha disminuido significativamente en el Pacífico de Costa Rica después del 2014. Esta reducción del impacto en las poblaciones y la lista actualizada de lenguados proveen una buena base para un nuevo estudio de las poblaciones de peces. Ambas son importantes para una futura actualización de los modelos tróficos disponibles para el Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce y su utilidad como herramientas para un mejor manejo de los ecosistemas.
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RESUMEN Desde el 2008, se evidenció la presencia de metales pesados en la zona estuarina de la Bahía de Cispatá, en agua, en sedimento, en peces y en aves, de ahí, el interés de evaluarlo en los macromicetos del manglar, que tienen una función degradadora de la materia orgánica, contribuyendo a mantener el equilibrio dinámico de la naturaleza, absorbiendo, incluso, sustancias tóxicas y elementos esenciales en altas concentraciones. Este estudio determinó las concentraciones de 9 metales pesados (Ni, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Co, Hg, Pb y Cd) en 19 géneros de hongos macromicetos, asociados al manglar de la bahía Cispatá, recolectados en tres sitios de muestreo, en tres períodos de lluvias, durante el 2016 y 2017. Los macromicetos, se secaron, pulverizaron y después de su digestión completa, en una mezcla de ácido nítrico y ácido clorhídrico, se cuantificaron los metales pesados. Los resultados indicaron que todos los hongos concentraron metales pesados. Para las concentraciones de metales pesados no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre macromicetos jóvenes y adultos (p=0,926); sin embargo, se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre Co-Ni, Hg-Zn, Pb-Mn, Pb-Ni, Pb-Co, Cd-Mn, Cd-Co, Cd-Hg y Cd-Ni. Los macromicetos han sido poco estudiados en las zonas costeras colombianas y aunque en este estudio las concentraciones de los metales pesados no son alarmantes, los macromicetos reflejan el estatus de estos contaminantes en la zona.
ABSTRACT Since 2008, the presence of heavy metals in the estuarine zone of the Bay of Cispatá was evidenced in water, sediment, fish and birds; hence the interest to evaluate it in the mangrove macromycetes, which have a degrading function of organic matter, helping to maintain the dynamic balance of nature by absorbing even toxic substances and essential elements in high concentrations. This study determined the concentrations of 9 heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Co, Hg, Pb and Cd) in 19 genera of macromycetes fungi associated with the mangrove of Cispatá Bay, collected in three sampling sites in three rainy periods during 2016 and 2017. The macromycetes were dried, pulverized and after their complete digestion in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid the heavy metals were quantified. The results indicated that all fungi concentrated heavy metals. For the concentrations of heavy metals, no statistically significant differences were found between young and adult macromycetes (p = 0.926), however, statistically significant correlations were observed between Co-Ni, Hg-Zn, Pb-Mn, Pb-Ni, Pb- Co, Cd-Mn, Cd-Co, Cd-Hg and Cd-Ni. Macromycetes have been little studied in Colombian coastal areas, and although in this study the concentrations of heavy metals are not alarming, macromycetes reflect the status of these pollutants in the area.
ABSTRACT
Water salinity is among the most important factors influencing the distribution, abundance, growth, and survival of Crassostrea gasar, an important aquaculture resource grown in estuarine environments in diverse regions of the world. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different salinities on survival and the tissues ofC. gasar under laboratory conditions. Two experiments were performed using adult oysters from five marine farms located in the bay of Guaratuba, Brazil. In Experiment 1, the daily survival rates were evaluated after the oysters were submitted to gradual acclimatization at salinities ranging from 0 to 65 gL-1 and maintained in the laboratory without feeding for up to 365 days. In Experiment 2, the oysters were exposed to salinity from 0 to 50 gL-1 for up to 30 days without feeding and possible histological alterations caused by salinity were assessed. Three tolerance ranges of C. gasar to salinity were identified: "Optimal" (between 4 and 40 gL-1), "Tolerable" (between 2.1 and 3.9 and between 41 and 50 gL-1) and "Intolerable" (less than 2 and greater than 50 gL-1). No evidence of histological alterations was observed in oysters exposed to the different salinities.
A salinidade da água está entre os fatores de maior influência na distribuição, abundância, crescimento e sobrevivência de Crassostrea gasar, um importante recurso aquícola cultivado em ambientes estuarinos em diversas regiões do mundo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade sobre a sobrevivência e nos tecidos de C. gasar exposta a diferentes salinidades, em condições laboratoriais. Foram realizados dois experimentos com ostras adultas provenientes de cinco fazendas marinhas localizadas na baía de Guaratuba, Brasil. No experimento 1, que foi realizado com o propósito de avaliar as taxas diárias de sobrevivência, as ostras foram submetidas à aclimatação gradual a salinidades variando de 0 a 65 gL-1 e mantidas em laboratório, sem alimentação, por até 365 dias. No experimento 2, as ostras foram expostas a salinidades de 0 a 50 gL-1 por até 30 dias, sem alimentação, para avaliação de possíveis alterações histológicas provocadas pela salinidade. Foram identificadas três faixas de tolerância de C. gasar à salinidade: Ótima (entre 4 e 40 gL-1), Tolerável (entre 2,1 e 3,9 e entre 41 e 50 gL-1) e Intolerável (menor que 2 e maior que 50 gL-1). Não foram encontradas evidências de alterações histológicas em função da exposição das ostras às diferentes salinidades.